The Heart Auscultation. From Sound to Graphical

Heart sounds and murmurs have very small amplitude and frequency signals thus make it so difficult to hear without the correct tools. In clinical practice currently, physicians listen to the patient heart sound and murmurs by using the traditional technique as an example mechanical stethoscope which having low accuracy and could lead to the false diagnosis. Moreover, conventional method has no ability to record the sound measured. Worst still it is totally depending on the physician’s skills and experienced which this ability is decreased over time. This issue is highly important in early detection of heart sound abnormal. The stereo heart auscultation purposed in this research is to provide solutions rise from conventional technique. Furthermore, the sound signals produced from heart will be converted to the real-time graphically presented with time-frequency analysis, which provides more information about the heart conditions by sound produced. The system compromise hardware such as electrical transducer, electronic circuit, data-acquisition device, computer and also software for signal visualization or imaging. Database of heart sound and murmurs use to validate the developmental system replacing true patients. It has been demonstrated, in preliminary result, that heart sound classification according to on types of a valve problem such as aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis could be differentiated using the development measurement system

The Efficiency of Islamic Banks: Empirical Evidence from the MENA and Asian Countries Islamic Banking Sectors

The paper investigates the efficiency of the Islamic banking sectors in 16 MENA and Asian countries during the period of 2001-2006. The efficiency estimates of individual banks are evaluated using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results suggest that the MENA Islamic banks have exhibited higher mean technical efficiency relative to their Asian Islamic bank counterparts.with pure technical inefficiency outweighs scale inefficiency in both the MENA and Asian countries banking sectors. The empirical findings also indicate that banks from the MENA region were the most efficient banks by dominating the top part of efficiency frontier over the period.Islamic Banks, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Multi-criteria approach for selecting the best solid waste management technologies

The growth in urbanization and industrial activities has caused solid waste management problems. As a solution the integrated approach has been chosen to manage the solid waste. Developing and implementing integrated solid waste management involve combined technologies and alternatives which are suitable with local laws condition. This research showed that Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has the potential as a decision making tool that can be used in selecting process of solid waste management technology. Three levels hierarchy was developed with the goal at the top level, followed by criteria and alternatives. By using this technique, the priority of each considered technology will be determined where technology with the highest priority is more suitable to be developed. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to test the sensitivity of final decision towards inconsistency of judgement. Application of AHP to determine priority in selecting solid waste management technology was explained in this research based on a case study in the Port Dickson Municipal Council. Analysis of result showed that the combination of recycling technology and composting are suitable to be applied in the Port Dickson district

Analytical Model for the Effect of Pressure on the Electronic Structure of Germanium Nanocrystals

The electronic structure modification of germanium nanocrystals under the condition of external pressure has been investigated, in order to gain a better understanding of their relevant properties. In this paper, an atomistic insight into the effect of size-pressure variation on the electronic structure of germanium nanocrystals (of 8, 16, 54 atoms) is performed. The effect of pressure on the structural and electronic properties of germanium nanocrystals has been investigated using the large unit cell within the framework of ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock theory and the linear combination of atomic orbital approximation included in Gaussian03 software by considering the effects of size and pressure. Cohesive energy, indirect band gap, valence bandwidth and bulk modulus are all obtained, which is consistent with understanding the interdependence of these quantities and their common atomistic origin originates with size- and pressure-induced change, leading to a variation of the crystal potential. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements. The calculations show an agreement of the calculated lattice constant at equilibrium point, cohesive energy, valence bandwidth, and bulk modulus with the experimental data. Computed band gap is greater than the experimental value. That is what expected from Hartree-Fock method. Band gap shows a good trend compared to theoretical values. The calculations of the effect of pressure on the aforementioned properties are investigated. It is found that the valence bandwidth decrease with the increase of pressure, and cohesive energy decrease with the increase of tensile pressure in 8 atoms while it increase in both 16 and 54 atoms. Lattice constant increase with pressure in three crystals, and energy gap decrease with pressure in both 8, and 16 atoms crystals and increase with pressure in 54 atoms nanocrystal. The maximum value of pressure is taken to be 7.6 GPa, because beyond this value, the phase of Ge transforms from nanocrystals to another phase

Strict Liability Principle In Environmental Legal System

Implementation of Strict Liability Principle in environmental legal system not based on the proving aspect of the fault form factor of negligence or misconduct of intent. In addition to the legal approach, risk management considerations also underlie the problems and or environmental risks posed by various factors that is difficult and expensive to prove. The MT Natuna Sea case on 3 October 2000 spilled 40,000 tons of crude oil or 60% of the total load of 523,088 barrels, to date Indonesia has not received any compensation. The purpose of this paper is to understand the application of Strict Liability Principle in the environmental legal system. The method used is normative legal research conducted by basing to the materials of the library or secondary data. Comparative legal approach is used to find matters relating to the problem of sea oil pollution compensation claims. The results show that Indonesia as a country that has ratified CLC 1969/1992 has applied provisions on insurance obligations. Neither into the provisions of legislation nor in practice in the field. However, the application into the legislation still requires improvements, namely with compensation claims for compensation and environmental restoration costs. Keywords: insurance liability, environment, tanker, protection, marine environment

Mechanical and thermal properties of Kenaf reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-natural rubber (NR) composites

In this paper, natural rubber (NR) was mixed with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and kenaf as fillerreinforcement for the polymer composite. Mixing the material using the internal mixer and hot press machine was able toblend the material homogeneously. Investigation of the new polymer composite characterisation was carried out by thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA), along with tensile, flexural and impact tests. The TGA for the polymer composite achieved322⁰C before degradation and increase in tensile and impact strength with the increase of TPU in the polymer compositematrices were observed. The result indicated an improvement in tensile, flexural and impact strength for the kenaf filledTPU-NR composites. The mixing of kenaf fibre and TPU-NR polymer showed degradation that was gradually diminishingturned into ashes. TGA result showed all compositions of kenaf filled TPU-NR composites samples shared the same peaktemperature, being degraded at 600⁰C

Analytical Model for the Effect of Pressure on the Electronic Structure of Germanium Nanocrystals

The electronic structure modification of germanium nanocrystals under the condition of external pressure has been investigated, in order to gain a better understanding of their relevant properties. In this paper, an atomistic insight into the effect of size-pressure variation on the electronic structure of germanium nanocrystals (of 8, 16, 54 atoms) is performed. The effect of pressure on the structural and electronic properties of germanium nanocrystals has been investigated using the large unit cell within the framework of ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock theory and the linear combination of atomic orbital approximation included in Gaussian03 software by considering the effects of size and pressure. Cohesive energy, indirect band gap, valence bandwidth and bulk modulus are all obtained, which is consistent with understanding the interdependence of these quantities and their common atomistic origin originates with size- and pressure-induced change, leading to a variation of the crystal potential. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements. The calculations show an agreement of the calculated lattice constant at equilibrium point, cohesive energy, valence bandwidth, and bulk modulus with the experimental data. Computed band gap is greater than the experimental value. That is what expected from Hartree-Fock method. Band gap shows a good trend compared to theoretical values. The calculations of the effect of pressure on the aforementioned properties are investigated. It is found that the valence bandwidth decrease with the increase of pressure, and cohesive energy decrease with the increase of tensile pressure in 8 atoms while it increase in both 16 and 54 atoms. Lattice constant increase with pressure in three crystals, and energy gap decrease with pressure in both 8, and 16 atoms crystals and increase with pressure in 54 atoms nanocrystal. The maximum value of pressure is taken to be 7.6 GPa, because beyond this value, the phase of Ge transforms from nanocrystals to another phase

The Reaction of a Nitro-Capped Cobalt(III) Cage Complex With Base: the Crystal Structure of a Contracted Cage Complex, and the Mechanism of Its Formation

The synthesis, properties and crystal structure of the cage complex (1-hydroxy-8-methyl-3,6,10,13,15,18-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.5]nonadecane)cobalt(III) chloride hydrate ([Co(Me,OH-absar)] C13.H2O) are reported. The mechanism of the formation of this contracted cavity cage from a nitro-capped hexaazabicycloicosane type cage has been investigated. Treatment of (1-methyl-8-nitro-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane)cobalt(III) chloride ([Co(Me,NO2-sar)] 3+) with excess base in aqueous solution leads initially to rapid (t1/2 < 1 ms) and reversible deprotonation of one coordinated secondary amine. This species undergoes a retro-Mannich type reaction and imine hydrolysis (t1/2 almost-equal-to 90 s). Quenching the reaction with acid gives rise to a pair of isomeric intermediate species which have been isolated and characterized. They have a pendant arm macrocyclic structure, resulting from the loss of a methylene unit from one of the arms of the cap. Heating either isomer in aqueous solution gives the new cage compound with the contracted cap. It is postulated that this occurs through a Nef reaction, resulting in the formation of a ketone which then condenses with the coordinated primary amine. A comparison with the corresponding bicycloicosane analogue indicates a reduced chromophoric cavity size for the contracted cage. The reduction potential of the cobalt(III)/cobalt(II) couple is 170 mV more negative for the smaller cage, and, in the electronic spectrum of the cobalt(III) complex, the d-d transitions are both shifted to higher energy, corresponding to a stronger ligand field

The Efficiency of Islamic Banks: Empirical Evidence from the MENA and Asian Countries Islamic Banking Sectors

The paper investigates the efficiency of the Islamic banking sectors in 16 MENA and Asian countries during the period of 2001-2006. The efficiency estimates of individual banks are evaluated using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results suggest that the MENA Islamic banks have exhibited higher mean technical efficiency relative to their Asian Islamic bank counterparts.with pure technical inefficiency outweighs scale inefficiency in both the MENA and Asian countries banking sectors. The empirical findings also indicate that banks from the MENA region were the most efficient banks by dominating the top part of efficiency frontier over the period

The Efficiency of Islamic Banks: Empirical Evidence from the MENA and Asian Countries Islamic Banking Sectors

The paper investigates the efficiency of the Islamic banking sectors in 16 MENA and Asian countries during the period of 2001-2006. The efficiency estimates of individual banks are evaluated using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results suggest that the MENA Islamic banks have exhibited higher mean technical efficiency relative to their Asian Islamic bank counterparts.with pure technical inefficiency outweighs scale inefficiency in both the MENA and Asian countries banking sectors. The empirical findings also indicate that banks from the MENA region were the most efficient banks by dominating the top part of efficiency frontier over the period